Pola Pelafalan Fonem Arab: Studi Santri Banjar dan Madura melalui Fonetik Arab, Analisis Kontrastif, dan Transkripsi Berbasis AI

Akhmat Sodikin

doi:10.62748/69vdmf75

Authors

Akhmat Sodikin (SINTA ID: 6908951) STIT Darul Hijrah Martapura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62748/69vdmf75

Keywords:

Arabic pronunciation; Arabic phonemes; Banjar students; Madurese students.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan pola pelafalan fonem Arab santri berlatar bahasa ibu Banjar dan Madura di Pondok Pesantren Darul Hijrah Putra Martapura. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada fonem Arab yang berpotensi sulit bagi pembelajar non-Arab, yaitu tsāʼ (ث), khāʼ (خ), dhāl (ذ), zāy (ز), syīn (ش), ṣād (ص), ḍād (ض), ṭāʼ (ط), ẓāʼ (ظ), ʿain (ع), ghain (غ), fāʼ (ف), qāf (ق), dan hāʼ (ه). Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus komparatif dan dukungan kuantifikasi sederhana. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 20 santri, yaitu 10 santri Banjar dan 10 santri Madura. Data dikumpulkan melalui bacaan teks Arab terkontrol yang ditranskripsikan menggunakan Gemini AI Pro, kemudian dibandingkan dengan transkripsi ahli fonem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola kesalahan paling dominan berkaitan dengan fonem interdental dan emfatik. Pada kelompok Banjar, pola kuat tampak pada dhāl (ذ) ke dāl (د), tsāʼ (ث) ke sīn (س), dan ṣād (ص) ke sīn (س). Pada kelompok Madura, pola kuat tampak pada tsāʼ (ث) ke sīn (س), dhāl (ذ) ke dāl (د), dan ṣād (ص) ke sīn (س). Gemini AI Pro berguna sebagai alat bantu dokumentasi dan penanda awal kesalahan, tetapi belum cukup stabil untuk dijadikan dasar penilaian fonemik tanpa transkripsi ahli. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi fonetik Arab, analisis kontrastif, transkripsi AI, dan validasi ahli dalam memetakan pelafalan bahasa Arab santri berlatar bahasa ibu daerah.

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